{"id":31637,"date":"2020-07-20T08:00:20","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T06:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/?p=31637"},"modified":"2025-10-22T13:35:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T11:35:28","slug":"comment-evaluer-la-resistance-au-feu-dun-materiel-de-construction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/fr\/blog\/comment-evaluer-la-resistance-au-feu-dun-materiel-de-construction","title":{"rendered":"Comment evaluer la resistance au feu d\u00b4un materiel de construction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comme vu dans le post pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, la r\u00e9sistance au feu n\u2019est pas un terme unique, mais d\u00e9pend de l\u2019usage du mat\u00e9riel de construction que l\u2019on utilise. A continuation nous verrons les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes existants pour \u00e9valuer la r\u00e9sistance au feu qu\u2019offre un mat\u00e9riel simple ou un syst\u00e8me de construction plus complexe.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Code Technique de la Construction \u00e9tablit 3 m\u00e9thodes :<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>En \u00e9tablissant les dimensions de la section transversale de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment comme indiqu\u00e9 par les tables correspondantes dans les annexes C \u00e0 F.<\/li>\n<li>En obtenant sa r\u00e9sistance gr\u00e2ce aux m\u00e9thodes simplifi\u00e9es indiqu\u00e9es dans les m\u00eames annexes.<\/li>\n<li>Via la r\u00e9alisation de tests.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les annexes mentionn\u00e9es ci-dessus nous parlent de 4 types d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Annexe C\u00a0: R\u00e9sistance au feu de structures en <strong>b\u00e9ton arm\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Annexe D\u00a0: R\u00e9sistance au feu de structures en <strong>acier<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Annexe E\u00a0: R\u00e9sistance au feu de structures en <strong>bois<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Annexe F\u00a0: R\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments en <strong>briques<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour d\u00e9terminer la r\u00e9sistance au feu <strong>d\u2019autres syst\u00e8mes de construction<\/strong> il faudra r\u00e9aliser un <strong>test type standard<\/strong> dans un laboratoire accr\u00e9dit\u00e9. En Espagne, par exemple, c\u2019est l\u2019<strong>Enac<\/strong> (Entit\u00e9 nationale d\u2019accr\u00e9ditation), qui accr\u00e9dite les laboratoires. Il y en a 4 principaux\u00a0: <strong>Aidico<\/strong> \u00e0 Valence, <strong>Tecnalia<\/strong> \u00e0 Guipuscoa, <strong>Afiti-Licof <\/strong>\u00e0 Madrid, et <strong>Applus<\/strong> \u00e0 Barcelone. Il existe des <strong>Normes Europ\u00e9ennes <\/strong>qui \u00e9tablissent comment r\u00e9aliser les tests.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nous avons d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans d\u2019autres articles la r\u00e9sistance au feu individuelle des mat\u00e9riaux et comment l\u2019augmenter pour \u00eatre en accord avec les normes en vigueur en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 contre l\u2019incendie via les produits que <strong>mercor <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">tecresa\u00ae<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0d\u00e9veloppe et fabrique. Par exemple : la peinture intumescente <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/fr\/peinture-intumescente-teclack-w\">Teclack \u2013 W\u00ae<\/a>,<\/strong> les mortiers ignifuges <a href=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/fr\/mortiers-tecwool\/tecwool-f\"><strong>Tecwool F\u00ae<\/strong><\/a> et <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/fr\/mortier-tecplaster\">Tecplaster\u00ae<\/a>,<\/strong> ou encore les panneaux en oxyde de Magn\u00e9sium <a href=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/fr\/panneaux-tecbor\"><strong>Tecbor\u00ae <\/strong><\/a>et toute une gamme compl\u00e8te de syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 au feu <a href=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/fr\/systemes-d-etancheite-tecsel\"><strong>Tecsel\u00ae<\/strong> <\/a>qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9s dans des laboratoires accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s officiellement selon les normes europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire, pour quelqu\u2019un qui ne se consacre pas \u00e0 la fabrication de syst\u00e8mes de protection passive contre l\u2019incendie, de conna\u00eetre en profondeur les normes europ\u00e9ennes, mais il est tr\u00e8s important de connaitre les noms et num\u00e9ros des normes principales pour savoir si le produit install\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9 en respectant les bonnes normes europ\u00e9ennes ou non. Ci-dessous, nous allons d\u00e9velopper les principales normes de test qui doivent apparaitre dans la fiche du produit ou du syst\u00e8me de construction.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>NORMES POUR TESTER DES ELEMENTS STRUCTURELS\u00a0.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>Protection contre le feu d\u2019une structure m\u00e9tallique\u00a0: <\/strong>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un des cas les plus communs et la norme d\u00e9finit deux variables en fonction de sa r\u00e9action face au feu\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Produits \u00ab\u00a0<strong>non r\u00e9actifs<\/strong>\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que leur composition chimique ne change pas au contact du feu, comme les mortiers et panneaux ignifuges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 13.381-4 : 2014<\/strong> \u201cM\u00e9thodes pour d\u00e9terminer la contribution \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments structurels. Partie 4\u00a0: Protection passive appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments en acier.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Produits \u00ab\u00a0<strong>r\u00e9actifs<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que leur composition chimique change au contact du feu, comme la peinture intumescente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 13381-8 : 2011<\/strong> \u201cM\u00e9thodes pour d\u00e9terminer la contribution \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments structurels. Partie 8 : Protection r\u00e9active appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments en acier.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Productos-reactivos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"760\" height=\"239\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.Protection contre le feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments en b\u00e9ton\u00a0: poutres, piliers, dalles, planchers, etc.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 13381-3 : 2016 <\/strong>\u201cM\u00e9thodes pour d\u00e9terminer la contribution \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments structurels. Partie 3 : Protection appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments en b\u00e9ton.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Elementos-de-hormig\u00f3n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"424\" height=\"231\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. <\/strong><strong>Protection contre le feu de dalles en b\u00e9ton et t\u00f4le d\u2019acier\u00a0: <\/strong>Contrairement aux tests des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, les tests de ce type de dalles ont une r\u00e8glementation qui leur est propre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 13381-5 : 2016 <\/strong>\u201cM\u00e9thodes pour d\u00e9terminer la contribution \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments structurels. Partie 5 : Protection appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments mixtes en b\u00e9ton\/t\u00f4le d\u2019acier.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/chapa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"243\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>NORMES POUR TESTER DES CLOISONS ET FAUX PLAFONDS \u00ab NON-PORTEURS \u00bb\u00a0.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. <\/strong><\/span><strong>Protection contre le feu de cloisons non-porteuses\u00a0: <\/strong>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments verticaux sectorisants qui ne supportent pas plus de charge que leur propre poids.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 1364-1 : 2000 <\/strong>\u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments non-porteurs.\u00a0 Partie 1 : murs.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. <\/strong><\/span><strong>Protection contre le feu de faux plafonds non-porteurs\u00a0:<\/strong> Comme le cas ant\u00e9rieur, il s\u2019agit d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui ne supportent pas plus de charge que leur propre poids.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 1364-2 : 2019 <\/strong>\u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments non-porteurs. Partie 2 : toits.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/falsos-techos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"644\" height=\"240\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>NORMES POUR TESTER LES \u201cFRANGES COUPE-FEU\u201d .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il n\u2019existe pas encore de r\u00e9glementation sp\u00e9cifique pour ce genre de solutions, mais selon le DB-SI et le r\u00e8glement de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 contre l\u2019incendie dans les \u00e9tablissements industriels, les deux solutions suivantes sont valides\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha; text-align: justify;\">\n<li>La solution doit \u00eatre test\u00e9es selon le <strong>\u201cProtocole ou document des Franges de rencontre mur mitoyen\/toiture\u201d<\/strong> et que ce test satisfasse les crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 et isolation \u00e9tablis par la norme g\u00e9n\u00e9rale <strong>UNE EN 1366-1. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>On peut aussi valider le test selon la norme <strong>UNE EN 1364-2 : 2019 <\/strong>\u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments non-porteurs. Partie 2 : toits.\u201d si la frange est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec les m\u00eames \u00e9l\u00e9ments que le toit et qu\u2019elle est ferm\u00e9e contre la toiture.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/elementos-no-portantes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"342\" height=\"281\" \/><strong>NORMES POUR TESTER DES CONDUITS DE VENTILATION ET GAINES TECHNIQUES (COLONNES MONTANTES)\u00a0.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>Protection contre le feu de<\/strong> <strong>conduits de ventilation <\/strong>: Lorsqu\u2019un conduit de ventilation traverse plusieurs secteurs d\u2019incendie, il faut soit le prot\u00e9ger avec un clapet coupe-feu, soit le prot\u00e9ger des feux ext\u00e9rieurs et int\u00e9rieurs auxquels il pourrait \u00eatre directement expos\u00e9.\u00a0 La norme de test pour ce genre de conduit est:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 1366- 1 : 2016 <\/strong>\u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019installations de service. Partie 1 : conduits de ventilation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. <\/strong><\/span><strong>Protection contre le feu de<\/strong> <strong>gaines de d\u00e9senfumage <\/strong>: Comme ce type de conduits doit extraire du b\u00e2timent les fum\u00e9es et gaz chauds produits lors d\u2019un incendie, ils sont soumis \u00e0 une pression plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que les conduits de ventilation. Ils doivent donc \u00eatre soumis aux 4 tests impos\u00e9s par la norme UNE\u00a0et, en plus, la norme suivante :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 1366-8 : 2005<\/strong> \u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019installations de service. Partie 8 : gaines de d\u00e9senfumage.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/conductos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"551\" height=\"166\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3. <\/strong><\/span><strong>Protection contre le feu de gaines techniques <\/strong>: Ce genre de structure est soumise \u00e0 une norme bien sp\u00e9cifique, qui la diff\u00e9rencie des cloisons non-porteuses. Effectivement, en cas d\u2019incendie, les gaines techniques sont soumises \u00e0 une pression plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s qu\u2019une simple cloison \u00e0 cause de leur forme tubulaire et l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne qui est pr\u00e9sent en son sein. La norme appliqu\u00e9e ici est\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 1364-1 : 2000 <\/strong>\u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019installations de service. Partie 5 : Conduits horizontaux et gaines techniques.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/patinillos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"313\" height=\"219\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>NORMES POUR TESTER DES SYSTEMES D\u2019ETANCHEITE AU FEU D\u2019UN PASSAGE D\u2019INSTALLATIONS\u00a0.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>Protection contre le feu de syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 : <\/strong>Lorsqu\u2019un passage d\u2019installation mesure plus de 50 cm<sup>2<\/sup><strong>, <\/strong>il faut le sceller gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 pour que le feu ne passe pas \u00e0 travers. La norme de test en vigueur est\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 1366-3 : 2011 <\/strong>\u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019installations de service. Partie 3\u00a0: syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/pasos-de-instalaciones.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"396\" height=\"341\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. Protection contre le feu de joints\u00a0: Ce type d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments a un comportement sp\u00e9cifique lors d\u2019un incendie et poss\u00e8de sa propre norme de test\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\"><strong>UNE EN 1366-4 : 2008 + A1 : 2010<\/strong> \u201cTests de r\u00e9sistance au feu d\u2019installations de service. Partie 4\u00a0: joints.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mcrtecresa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/sellados.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"252\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il existe de nombreuses autres normes de tests mais celles-ci sont les principales en ce qui concerne la protection passive contre l\u2019incendie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le nombre qui appara\u00eet apr\u00e8s la norme est <strong>l\u2019ann\u00e9e de publication ou de derni\u00e8re modification<\/strong> de celle-ci \u00e0 date (juillet 2020).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme vu dans le post pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, la r\u00e9sistance au feu n\u2019est pas un terme unique, mais d\u00e9pend de l\u2019usage du mat\u00e9riel de construction que l\u2019on utilise. A continuation nous verrons&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65528,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mcr-tecresa"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comment evaluer la resistance au feu d\u00b4un materiel de construction?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A continuation nous verrons les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes existants pour \u00e9valuer la r\u00e9sistance au feu qu\u2019offre un mat\u00e9riel simple ou un syst\u00e8me de construction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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